Plants and Animal Nutrition
Food is the basic requirement for survival of all living things. Because food provides energy for living things. For body structure, SURA
Growth also requires food. - Grasshoppers prepare their own food with the help of sunlight, water and carbon dioxide. Animals cannot make their own food. They depend directly or indirectly on plants for food. The way organisms consume food and use it is called feeding.
Feeding pattern of davars
Nutrition can be divided into two categories as autotrophic nutrition and interdependent nutrition. Green plants are the only living organisms that can produce their own food. These provide food not only to it but also to other organisms. Self-sustaining feeding is the method of feeding oneself by preparing one's own food. Organisms that prepare food in this way are called autotrophs. (eg) Pasundavaras.
Many non-green plants and animals consume food already prepared by plants and some animals as food. A feeding system that depends on other species for food is called anthropogenic feeding. Organisms that consume food in this way are called omnivorous organisms. (eg) Man and animals.
Recharge
Sunlight passes through the thin skin of the leaves. The green material inside the leaves is called green leaf. Air enters the leaf through the pores in the leaf. These pores are called leaf pores. Water is absorbed by the roots and transported to the leaves.
Other inter-feeding systems of plants
Some non-green plants cannot produce food. These plants depend on other plants for food. These follow other dependent nutrition. These are aphids, parasites, mites etc.
Juicers 11
These organisms are called fungi. They grow in a medium rich in decaying organic matter. Fungi secrete enzymes on organic matter to convert it into soluble simple nutrients and absorb it. This type of feeding is known as succulent feeding and such plants are known as succulents. (eg) mushroom, bell pepper.
Parasites
Yellow tube-like structures can be seen surrounding the tree trunk. The name of this plant is Kaskuta. They are unable to carry out photosynthesis due to lack of green matter. They depend on the tree around the trunk for food. Because it provides food, Ammaram is known as umbuiri and this type of plant is called Parasitic.
Insectivorous plants It is surprising that plants consume insects as food. Nepanthus and Venus flytrap eat insects. Because nutrients such as nitrogen required for their growth are not available in the soil. So these plants get nitrogen by decomposing insects with enzymes.
Symbiotic plants
In this nutritional system, two organisms live together. One benefits from the other. (eg) lichens.
Lichens are symbiotic organisms found between algae and fungi. Algae grow on the fungal body. Fungi help algae absorb water and minerals from the soil. Algae are green and produce food 11 through photosynthesis and provide it to the fungus. Here both organisms benefit from each other. When two different organisms live together and one benefits from the other, the lifestyle is symbiotic.
Animal feeding
Food contains nutrients not only for energy but also for body growth maintenance and repair. Animals generally consume solid foods. This type of feeding is a whole-swallow feeding (Holozoic diet). Five steps in innovation
Ingestion: Swallowing food is called Ingestion. The pattern of food intake varies among species. For example, butterfly and bees from flowers absorb food. Snake and frog swallow food. Aquatic animals (blue whales) filter food.
Digestion: Digestion is the process of breaking down complex food into simple molecules with the help of enzymes.
Absorption: Absorption is the absorption of digested food through the intestinal wall. Absorption: Absorbed food enters the cell
A change in the way it is used is called adaptation.
Nutrition of Amoeba Amoeba is a unicellular organism. It lives in stagnant water bodies. They consume microbes. Although amoeba is a unicellular organism, it takes in solid food through its body surface. Hence this type of feeding is called Holozoic feeding. When an amoeba's body surface encounters food, it swallows the food whole through the pseudopods and converts it into food bubbles. Food is digested with the help of enzymes in the alimentary canal. Amoeba uses food to create and obtain energy. Excretes undigested food from the body through the body surface.
Excretion: Undigested food passes through the rectum Exiting is called exiting Digested food travels throughout the cell through diffusion
Human digestive tract
The digestive tract consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, and rectum.
We consume food through mouth.
Teeth, tongue and salivary glands in the oral cavity
There are
Teeth
Teeth help in breaking, chewing and grinding food. Salivary glands
There are three pairs of salivary glands in the oral cavity. The water-like fluid secreted by these glands is called saliva. These moisten the food so that we can swallow it easily. The enzyme amylase in it helps in the digestion of starch.
the tongue
The tongue is the sense of taste. It helps to mix and moisten the food with saliva. It is also used to regurgitate food while swallowing.
Small intestine!
It is a long tube about 7 meters long, where food mixes with bile, pancreatic juice, and small intestinal juice. These help in complete digestion of food.
At the end of digestion, carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, proteins are broken down into amino acids, and fats are broken down into fatty acids. Digested food is absorbed through the small intestine
Colon
It is about 1.5 meters long. It helps absorb water. It is a temporary storage area for undigested food. No digestion takes place here.
stool
Undigested food and waste products are passed out through the faeces. This is called exit. The regular contractions and dilations of the intestinal muscles move food from the esophagus to the anus like a wave. This type of movement is called visceral oscillation.
It takes an average of 24 hours for food to pass through all the digestive stages within the alimentary canal takes Types of teeth
Two types of teeth appear in our lifetime. The first set of teeth that appear as a one-year-old child. This is called baby teeth. The number of these will be 20. These baby teeth only last until the child is seven or eight years old, when the baby teeth fall out, new types of teeth grow. These teeth are called permanent teeth. The number of these will be 32. All 16 of these teeth are not identical. These are of four types. They are incisors, canines and premolars respectively.
Incisors are chisel-like teeth in the front of the mouth
Incisors. There are four teeth in each jaw. These help in biting the food.
Canines— 4
These are sharp pointed teeth. Each jaw has two teeth for a total of four teeth. They help in cutting and tearing food. Premolar teeth
Premolars are the large teeth found behind the canines in each jaw. These are wide spread. Each jaw has four teeth for a total of eight teeth. They are used to chew and grind food.
Posterior teeth – 12
Posterior molars are the larger teeth found behind the premolars. They are wider than the premolars. These are pre-purchased
Like teeth, they are used for chewing and grinding food. There are six teeth in each jaw and a total of twelve posterior molars.
Dental care
Permanent teeth are used for life. If they fall, they do not grow back. So you should take care to keep your teeth clean.
The enamel on the teeth is thinner in children than in adults. Therefore, children's teeth are more susceptible to decay than adults. Children should avoid very cold or hot food. Brush your teeth twice a day. Do not rub the teeth with hard objects like brick dust.
Birds do not have teeth. Rats grow teeth continuously keep going will be
The extension of an elephant's incisors is its longest Ivory. Only some humans have 32 teeth.
Wiggle Mammals Some animals such as goats, cows, and buffaloes keep moving when they are not eating or at rest. They have a specialized digestive tract. Its stomach has four chambers. Hastily ingested grass collects in the first chamber of the stomach. It is called Roman.
Grasses are decomposed with the help of certain bacteria in the rumen. These are stirred and brought to the mouth. This is called Akara Kavalam. The food scraps are brought back to the mouth and chewed in smaller quantities by the animal. Thus chewing is called moving mammals.
Grasses contain high amounts of cellulose, a type of carbohydrate. Herbivores digest it. Other animals and humans cannot digest cellulose. A bag-like organ in moving mammals is called a cyst. It is found between the small intestine and large intestine. Cellulase, an enzyme secreted from the bacteria in this bag, is cellulosic